Chris Ming, Author at Christopher Ming Blog

Web Content Creation: Testing

“Don’t ask people if they would buy – ask them to buy. The response to the second is the only one that matters… Ask ten people if they would buy your product. Then tell those who said ‘yes’ that you have ten units in your car and ask them to buy. The initial positive responses, given by people who want to be liked and aim to please, become polite refusals as soon as real money is at stake.”-Tim Ferriss

With web content the details are different — we ask the audience to “buy” not with money but with time. However, the takeaway remains the same:

Don’t ask people “would you watch this?” Ask: “did you watch this?”

In my opinion, this is the most exciting element to creating and distributing a web series. This area is where you can give the biggest proverbial “f*ck you” to the big players out there. The ability to test and make adjustments based on testing is where independent producers can fully leverage their nimbleness, their flexibility, and willingness to innovate.

Testing is cheap.

Testing is simplified.

You don’t need focus groups. You don’t need tools to measure precise emotions.

The only thing you need is a system for your testing.

Below I’ve outlined a system for testing a web series. The system itself is untested, but they’re the steps I will take with the next project. I will update the post with tweaks and lessons learned as I proceed.

Step 1: Cut a Teaser

The key word is “cut,” not “shoot.”

Cutting a teaser means splicing existing content to recreate the tone or feel of your web series. Cost is virtually zero – basically only the opportunity cost of a bomb video editor who can execute. The purpose of creating the teaser is to test your concept – are people interested?

Most recently, this is how Brandon Bestenheider and Allen Bey created buzz and sold their spec script, GRIM NIGHT to Universal.

(This example is solely to give you an example of potential power of a teaser. The goal of our teaser is not to sell or create “buzz.” The goal is to test.)

To that end, the approach is not a “let’s put it on YouTube and see what happens!”

Definitely not. This is a passive approach, and it doesn’t generate the information you’re looking for.

The teaser allows us to ask very specific questions to gauge interest in the concept. We are asking questions to find out if it has viral potential, not hoping it will go viral.

Step 2: Test the Teaser

Show the teaser to a select audience. Ask them specific questions (there are both direct and indirect ways to ask these questions.)

“What do you think of this concept?” is not a specific question. Go deeper to get answers that will help you:

“What part of this concept interests you?”
“What parts bored you?”
“What do you want to see more of?”
“Where do you think this series is going?”

When you’re testing, you can literally sit there and gauge your audience’s reaction as they watch (note: practice with close friends, not strangers you approach at Starbucks and ask, “wanna see something?”)

What is their action immediately following the video?

Do they ask for clarification?
Do they repeat the viewing?
Do they want to share with others?

Caveat: it’s unlikely you’ll disqualify your concept based on the teaser, unless reactions are particularly negative or you weren’t that attached to the concept anyway. That’s why specificity of questions is important – what can you learn from your audience

Step 3: Shoot the Pilot

Based off the teaser, your team moves forward and shoots the pilot. Most likely you’re bootstrapped and shooting on the cheap. (There are proactive ways, of course, to raise funding, i.e., Kickstarter, but I’d suggest taking this step after shooting the pilot.)

Employ guerilla tactics and get the pilot shot: steal locations, get people to work for free, etc. Get the project in the can.

The traditional model is cutting the pilot and shopping it around to producers, financiers, and distributors. Obtaining interest from any one of these parties is definitely a level of success. However, there are more steps to this model of testing if you want to remain independent.

Step 4: Test the Pilot

Cut 3 to 5 versions of the pilot.

Drive an audience to different landing pages featuring these cuts. When possible, ask audience members the same questions used in the teaser. Continue to gauge what elements of the pilot are confusing, and what elements resonate with the audience. The results of this testing will provide the necessary information to shoot the rest of your series.

These steps can be grouped under the catch all phrase, “creating buzz.” Except creating buzz is a vague concept, with no call-to-action or goals. Following the steps in this model, the goal is testing – and you generate buzz as a result.

Testing allows you to create a track record. A track record you can bring with you to, say, Kickstarter, and declare “this many people watched” (not, this demographic said they would watch, or we are trying to attract this audience.) Plus, you know what elements of the pilot they liked, what confused them, and how you’re going to use that information.

Now with that homework in your back pocket, how much more powerful are you when you ask for financing?

Step 5: Shoot the Series

The next step is the biggest risk: shoot the entire series, in the most cost effective manner possible. It’s a big step, especially without a buyer locked. This is your greatest investment yet, and you’re exposing yourself to large scale of failure.

But using this system for web content creation, look at what you’ve done in the previous four steps!

You’ve mitigated your risk by constantly testing, tweaking your approach based on feedback from an actual audience, and generated buzz for your project as a result. You’ve proven to potential investors that you can write, produce and package a product independently – that you value people’s time and money.

Who wouldn’t want to work with someone like that?*

*Note: I assume the answer is everyone, but this assumption remains untested. As I mentioned at the top, these are only my initial thoughts on the system. As I apply and test, I will update this post.

Photo Credit: Nick Gent

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Web Content Creation: A Model

Over the last few months, a group of friends and I have been moving towards shooting a web series pilot. I’m learning a lot from the process, and I want to explore ideas surrounding the creative strategy of independent web content creation. Most of this is likely applicable to any independent project, but my focus is purely on web.

Project Sustainability

Independently produced web content must be looked at through a project sustainability lens as well as a typical production lens. This means more than shooting “guerilla style,” although guerilla production techniques play a role. This means in your development stage you must create some metrics of success and failure. I define success by two standards:

Shipping. You finish. You put out a project and you distribute it, OR if you don’t finish, you’ve made the conscious decision to stop (because it’s not worth your time, because you’re not passionate about it, etc.)
The project is SUSTAINABLE.

Sustainable = value of project > cost of project

As long as the VALUE is greater than COST, the project is sustainable. Simple, right?

Put another way: create VALUE and reduce COST.

What makes up a project’s value? The most obvious (yet smallest component in our example) is revenue generated. Other pieces include: satisfaction in creation, satisfaction in distribution (they are different,) potential revenue, potential exposure, potential leverage to a higher-profile project.

COST is made of two parts:

Cost of the project = money cost + opportunity cost
Money cost = how much cash do you front?

Opportunity cost = this is your time cost. What are you giving up to work on this project?

If VALUE > COST, it’s SUSTAINABLE, and you should continue moving forward. With an independent project where most of the value lies in the potential, the entire team must understand how this formula affects them.

Understanding the formula creates several takeaways.

High Project Value: what can you control?

In an independent production, current revenue is almost certainly zero. There are ways to increase current revenue which won’t be discussed here (using your relationships to find advertisers, sponsors, etc.) For now, let’s assume you can’t increase earned revenue. Then, what can you control?

What details can you get proactive about?

Leverage and exposure –the proactive approach to leverage and exposure is becoming a contributing member of the web series sphere: connecting to content creators and marketers, understanding their projects, helping when you can, and being open about discussing your project. Note: this is in contrast to the passive approach which is posting it on your Facebook page and hoping it goes “viral.”
Derive satisfaction from the project: be happy you’re working on it and you’re learning from it, without the expectation that fame and fortune will soon follow. It’s unlikely your project (or any project) will put you on the express rail to the top, but it might get you closer. Work with people you enjoy being around, have fun with it, and it won’t feel like work

Reduce Project Costs

If you’re involved in any kind of independent content production, you need to keep costs down. There are all sorts of interesting methods to do this. A discussion of all methods lies outside the scope of this post, but I want to point out one thing: I prefer to focus on one really big win to cut costs than bust my head trying to create a series of small wins.

Small wins are: craft services, extras, wardrobe, set dressing, etc.

In my opinion, the big win, where you’re going to save the most money is in concept. Concept happens in the development stage – YOU CAN MAKE / BREAK YOUR BUDGET BEFORE YOU START THE BUDGET. You’re committing your budget to a certain range at this stage, i.e., a high-tech thriller is more expensive than a slow-burn drama. Not to restrict anyone’s artistic vision, but when you independently finance you must physically create within your boundaries. Accounting for this during development, not after, is critical to ship.

How cost effective is your web series?
Does it require high production value to capture the audience’s attention?
Or does it rely on something else?

That’s how Christopher Kubasic created his webseries, THE BOOTH IN THE BACK. “I was designing it from the outside in. I had certain rules that I wanted to work from. I wanted it to depend on actors rather than cinematic language, so that it would be less expensive than having to move a camera around to different locations or having to set up one shot after another.” (Read Blogcritic for the full article.)

Note that this doesn’t mean you can’t create a high concept web series. High concept is just an elevated way of telling your story or creating your vision, and it’s independent of money. I call this a HiCoLoCo (high concept, low cost) project.

You can spend hours and hours searching for inventive ways to cut on production costs when you’re in pre-production. Save a little here, a little there, skimp on this or that, for the sake of a project that’s intrinsically high concept high cost, i.e., explosions, fires, bullets, aliens, etc.

Or, front-load the process and invest significant time in creating something HiCoLoCo. Focus on the big win.

Reduce Opportunity Cost

Opportunity cost = what else could I be doing with my time?

Total opportunity cost is everyone’s collective time on the project. I think often we overlook opportunity cost completely, so even small steps can create dramatic savings:

Everyone comes prepared
Everyone comes on time
Schedule meetings with clear objectives
Have start and end times to meetings

The big win to save on opportunity cost, however, is about limiting the number of people you bring into the project. Instead of scaling the project to the maximum number of people, scale the right number of people to the project. In REWORK, Jason Fried notes we should:

“Embrace the idea of having less mass. Right now, you’re the smallest, the leanest, and the fastest you’ll ever be. From here on out, you’ll start accumulating mass. And the more massive an object, the more energy required to change its direction.”

In other words, grow slow. Bring in the right number of people you need, and go from there.

Conclusion

By no means is this an exhaustive discussion on sustainable models for web content creation. They are my thoughts and theories on the matter at this point and time, and as I apply the theory, I will add/edit the post with specific examples and takeaways.

Photo Credit: Mad Pal

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Without Memory

Image the work we could do without memory.

If we worked without remembering all the times we failed:

the product we announced would change the world.
the novel we’d finally finish.
the instrument we’d learn to play.
the video that would go viral.
the screenplay that’d give us our break.
the blog we started and swore this time, we were going to post every day, no matter what…

…only to lose focus and steam, and offer an apology or an excuse before abandoning it?

Is it lack of desire or the memory of failure that keeps us from trying again? Not even failure specifically, but our feelings associated with failing (shame, embarrassment) that stops us from picking back up the pen, lacing up the sneakers, or grabbing the camera?

What terrifies me is people watching me put myself out there again and asking:

Didn’t you already try that?
Do you really think this time is going to be different?
Why waste your time?

If we attacked our projects without memory of the shame, only the lessons we learned from our failure, how much affect could we have on our world?

Photo Credit: timbu

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Unprofessional

Being a professional is not your arrival to a level. Regardless of the field, you don’t stake a claim to professionalism, or petition for permanent residency. Getting paid doesn’t make you a professional. Neither do sponsorships, or praise from your constituents — all whom may consider themselves professionals based the above standard.

Professionalism happens minute-to-minute. You are only as professional as your last decision.

I remember a recent moment where I lost sight of that, and I made the unprofessional decision.

After being deceived and rather unceremoniously forced to close down on a production, the producer asked if I could come in on strike day and assist with closing down the set.

I had every excuse to not go in: that we had been deceived about our finances, our contracts were reneged, I was let go and it was no longer my job to close down the office, and there was nothing left for me to gain.

I had every excuse. So I took them all.

I told him sorry, I was unable to come help close.

The second I got off the phone, I knew: being in the right doesn’t make it right.

The professional decision was to close, regardless of how things fell out. The professional decision was to finish the job.

See, I made this poor choice because I let the voices of others weasel themselves into my ear. These reasonable and experienced voices belonged to people who had been involved in many more productions and gotten burned dozens of times before. They were looking out for my best interests when they told me: don’t work for free, don’t get walked over, don’t let anyone take advantage of you.

Well-meaning voices all, but they’re strangely silent now as I sit here alone, hoping weeks or months from now I’ll look back and realized I did the right thing, and knowing that I won’t

Photo Credit: Stefan Leijon

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Showing Up

Timeliness has become such a rarity that arriving on time is the new gold standard.

We’re bombarded with people who don’t value their time or the time of others. So much so that just showing up for work, being physically present at the agreed upon time is a Gold Star worthy endeavor. Being on time is appreciated, but you’re supposed to come on time. It’s nothing to brag about. It’s expected.

With competition everywhere, and all the scalable, inexpensive and fast tools at our disposal to communicate, create, and affect our world, how long can hold ourselves to this low standard of physical presence?

What can we accomplish when we begin to expect more from ourselves and our peers than just “being on time?” What can we build when our expectation isn’t just to come, but to come:

Mentally present — having considered (on your own time) the issues at hand. As prepared to propose solutions as you are prepared to raise issues.

Emotionally invested — having thoughts about the direction of the project, knowing full well you might look stupid voicing them and putting them out there anyway.

Willing to take risks — not prepared to accept a scenario because “that’s the way it is.” Challenging assumptions (e.g., it costs too much, you can’t do that, it’s too hard.) Pushing each other into discomfort zones because that’s where great things happen.

If that’s how we showed up, how much more could we accomplish?

Versus the (general) current approach: everyone arrives 15 minute late. Gab and BS for another 15 minutes. Finally, a rallying cry is heard, “let’s get started!” before everyone scrambles to remember why you were meeting in the first place.

There’s more to showing up than showing up.

Photo Credit: veri_ivanova

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Who’s Got Ammo?

We were playing cards, and I busted out of the cash game with something or another. I moved to re-buy and started counting chips when Joe interrupted me.

“Wait, you’re buying in for double?” he asked.

The rule of thumb is: have as many chips in front of you as possible. You need ammunition to put a dent in someone’s stack, and after a few hours, the table’s initial buy-in (relative to the stacks) isn’t going to endanger anyone’s chip lead.

So yes, I was buying in for double. That’s how much I needed if I wanted my moves to have weight.

Joe didn’t voice any more concerns, but behind his massive tower of chips, he looked uncomfortable with the idea. He considered my action a faux pas, and perhaps it was. I just never saw it that way. Whenever someone reloaded at the table, my mentality has always been: “Good. I want my opponents buying in for as much as they want, as often as possible. The more money in the game, the more money I can win.” I can’t remember ever not thinking this way. Until that moment, I wasn’t aware of this other perspective:

“I don’t want my opponent buying back in, and certainly not for double. The more money he has in front of him, the less chance I’ll walk away with these chips at the end of the night.”

From a purely competitive standpoint, Joe’s perspective is the intelligent one. Limit your risk by restricting your opponent’s ammunition. Limit their ability to maneuver, and you’ll come out ahead. That’s a smart play.

But if that’s your default mentality, will you ever discover what you’re capable of? If you don’t put yourself in situations where you’re 99 percent sure you’re outclassed and outgunned, how will you find out if you’re wrong?

Photos Credit: Rami L.

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Exodus

According to a statistic I thought sounded great and didn’t bother to verify, of the annual one million freshly minted Los Angeles transplants looking for entry into the entertainment business, only 5,000 stick it out past year one. We’re talking about point-five-percent — only half a percent stay in Los Angeles past their first year.

The possibly made-up statistic arose after I tried reaching out to former co-interns who moved to Los Angeles at the same time as I did, only to discover via awkward text conversation they moved home weeks ago.

ME:Hey we’re playing poker this Friday if you’re avail.
FORMER CO-INTERN: I left LA like two months ago, bro.
ME: Oh.
ME: So you can’t make it?

Hearing about their departures and knowing full well every few months, word will trickle through the grapevine that so-and-so went back to Alabama or New Jersey churns a mixed bag of emotion. It’s not smugness, which I think is a repulsive behavior (and self-satisfaction is its distant, ugly cousin.) But to put my emotion in the vicinity of “sympathy” is giving myself too much credit. I think if you came out here with any other perceived notion than “this is going to be hard,” then you were ill-prepared, and that may have played into your departure.

The closest definition I can place on the emotion is “grim acceptance” — I’m neither thrilled nor disappointed to hear there’s one less angry, disgruntled entertainment employee choking up the 405. The only thing their departure brings is a validation to the struggle that is making it in entertainment in Los Angeles. So when my “mean-well-but-far-cry-from-helpful” relatives remind me I’ve been writing for a “really long time” and ask why I’m still unsuccessful and poor, I can say: “Look, this is hard. Most people do not make it. I read in the LA Times (note: I did not read this in the LA Times) that only .5 percent of LA transplants last longer than a year.”

They’ll listen and nod, as if digesting this information, before they recommend I write something like those “Twilight” books by that “Stephanie Meyer-girl.” They heard she was doing well.

Photo Credit: Pooyan Ranj

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Anyone, Anything, Any $

Several months ago I decided the following mantra would define the next year:

“Work for anyone, on anything, for any amount of money.” I still was (am) new to Los Angeles and the entertainment business. I figured regardless of what I did, I’d learn something new. More importantly, a blanket “yes” without regard to my specific interests or career direction would stop the cost-benefit analysis that zips through my head every time it’s time to act. This analysis usually led to choice paralysis, which in turn led to no action at all.

Take away choice and the malady cleared right up.

It’s akin to the Jim Carey movie, YES MAN, only much more degrading, not nearly as funny, and no meeting Zooey Deschanel at some hipster dive bar. Which I suppose makes it nothing like YES MAN whatsoever.

The experiment led to a smattering of entertainment experiences dabbled from every inch of the palette, some great, some less so. But I wouldn’t trade any of those experiences for anything. Not that I loved my first day on set, a 16-hour PA shift for DESPERATE ACTS OF MAGIC — I was surly and miserable afterwards — but I learned a lot, watched some great people work, and popped my PA cherry.

The mantra (“anyone, anything, any amount of money”) led to my first script writing classes with Pilar Alessandra, my first Pitch Fest, my first casting gig, my first trip to the Film Market, and my first production coordinator job. Of course, not every something leads to something else, for a variety of reasons. Sometimes things just didn’t click, or I didn’t make the best first impression. Or I made choices that others didn’t appreciate, which can really hurt you if you get hung up on it.

Other times I did my best, for little or no money, and still no new opportunities came to fruition — another circumstance that’ll hurt you only if you dwell on it. I don’t like to think of this as getting burned (when you do free work, you kinda have to let go of the “getting burned” mentality as you’re working towards the intangible value of good will.) It doesn’t make it sting any less: for example, writing three free coverages for a producer who, after the fact, won’t take your calls or return e-mails. Or reading for a well-known independent film festival and your point person barely bothers to mutter a thank-you before walking away. None of these experiences leave you with the warm and fuzzies.

It’s discouraging if you let it be. If you’re not zoned for the proper mindset, which is: be completely ambivalent and unaffected by your results. Do your best work with zero expectations, and follow it by accepting whatever you get in return, whether it’s a thank-you, more work, or just the experience. Then nothing can hurt you.

Photos Credit: Marian Caraban

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Write-A-Thon

Contrary to the title, this post is not about writing.

Let’s start by talking about writing:

The fun of banging on the keyboard every day wanes. It becomes more about the afterglow than the work before it (“love having written, hate writing.”) There are times I enjoy the creating, capturing the moment perfectly in words as I imagined in my mind. These moments are far and few between, however. The majority of the time, writing is work. This isn’t a problem if you’re professional and treat the writing as such — you get up and get it done, regardless of how you “feel” or whether you’re “up to it.”

Recently, my writer’s group took on a unique challenge: our group of six would collaborate to write the first draft of a screenplay — in one night. One single all-night writing session to get from FADE IN to BLACK, dividing the labor equally amongst six people.

We held four meetings in the weeks prior to hash out an outline we could execute within the time frame. The outline was skeletal — we established only the main protagonist’s names, motivations, and back story, and agreed upon three or four settings. It did fulfill the single necessary requirement: get us from A to Z in 24 beats (a serendipitous coincidence, thanks to 24’s unique mathematical properties of being divisible by 3 (writing pairs) and 8 (hours to write.)

The remaining details were left up to the writers and created on the fly. This spontaneity led to moments throughout the night where one person would pose thoughtful questions like “wait, is Whitney impregnated by the demon before or after Adolfi is gored by the alligator?” and other pressing issues that affected theme, allegory, and continuity.

We met. We drank coffee. We conquered. Not in that order.

But we got our draft — a nonsensical, terribly violent yet wholly completed draft.

Take away lessons: this is a good way to get a draft written, but it’s not a good way to write a draft. I’d recommend everyone gives it a try.

Like I said: this post is not about writing.

Setting aside eight hours to stay up all night with a group of people with a single intention (“let’s make some s#%!”) was the most fun I had in this medium in a long time. Throwing down words that made zero sense logically or grammatically in a sleep-deprived state was a small reminder to enjoy the process of creating, not just the event of having created. I’m not talking about those 8-hours, either; I mean the whole process: surrounding yourself with people who want to make something, having the idea of the all-nighter, makingprogress with the outline week by week, anticipating the event as we moved closer and closer, and wondering if we’d manage to get everyone together for eight hours (a miracle in of itself.)

So now we got this draft, and what we’re going to do with it (revise it, revisit it, trash it?) is pretty unclear. I hoped it’d be a rough draft to add to the portfolio but I think even that may be a stretch. It may end up being nothing more than the only souvenir from a night where a group of people decided they were going to make something. And followed through.

That, and this blog post, that isn’t about writing.

Photos Credit: BookMama

notes

Five Kindle Features That Maximize Workflow

The Kindle has dramatically improved my workflow. I sympathize with the “I-love-holding-a-book” camp, but I also don’t argue with results: results trump nostalgia. I’ve included the five Kindle features that will change the way you read and work, and some pointers on how to implement them. This list is based off the 3G non-touch Wi-Fi-capable Kindle.

Maintain Your Reading List

The trumpeted feature of the Kindle Bookstore is you can buy a book anytime, anywhere, and be reading in seconds. You can even read samples of books. But the real highlight of the Kindle Bookstore goes unmentioned: searching for books maintaining an up-to-date reading list.<

With the Kindle Store, you can immediately search for your book. Then add it to your Wish List (and download a sample.) Then it’s safe to completely forget the book, until you’re ready for your next book purchase.

The Wish List streamlines maintaining an active book list. Your Kindle becomes your single destination to remember what you planned to read, to buy the book with a single click, and to begin reading.
Constantly reading is crucial in lifelong education, and removing barriers is a significant step towards continuing that education.

Overhaul Your Note Taking System

I’m a huge fan of annotating books and having a notes system. Analyzing your own thoughts and expounding on an author’s original work based on your experiences allows for exponential personal growth. Inspiration (“ah-ha!” moments) is exciting when you hit a key point while reading. Tangents spring on utilizing information. You have worldview paradigm shifts.

Unfortunately, obstacles stand between inspiration and action: interrupting reading momentum, logging your thoughts, cataloging them into a system where it’s easily accessible. It’s difficult to digest vast amounts of material if you’re forced to constantly stop and start.

A handwritten organization system for your notes, no matter how strong, loses effectiveness after X amount of material. The best way to access information on the fly is if it’s digitized (read: searchable.) This is especially true if you’re not only searching for the original material you read, but your reaction to the material. Reading on the Kindle closes this gap and removes barriers in digitizing your notes:

Highlight original content on the Kindle
Type quick notes about applying this information. The Kindle is a tool for reading, not writing — the keyboard is clunky at best. So all you’re writing on the Kindle is a note or two that will jog your brain to recall those first sparks of inspiration (my notes usually look like the stream-of-consciousness of a second-grader.) Don’t bother writing out the entire thought.
Continue reading with minimum momentum lost (no putting down the book, no finding a piece of paper, no finding your place on the page, etc.)
Amazon automatically stores your books, highlights, and notes. Log-in to your Kindle account to access it. Copy and paste your notes into your digital system of choice (I prefer Google Docs, but Evernote works well, too.) From your Kindle Account, you can also share your notes or follow others.

With digitized notes, it’s easy to access you exact thought, from the exact original idea, from any title. Based off the brief notes, it’s easy to develop your ideas further.

Follow Blogs

Keeping up with the blogs I followed used to be a struggle. I don’t read well on the computer — I want to get lost in the material. There are too many distractions on a computer monitor. With my feeds in the Kindle, it’s easier to give the content all my attention and more convenient to stay up to date.

From Home, go to the Menu and select “Experimental.”
Launch the Browser.
Enter the URL for your reader and sign-in (I use Google Reader.)
Bookmark your Reader URL so it’s easily accessible next time.

Using the Kindle to access your Reader works great: it displays your feeds and posts, marks posts as read when you click on them; you can even “Favorite” posts. The only major drawback I can see is because “Kindle doesn’t support multiple browsing windows” you can’t open hyperlinks within the post (I haven’t researched a work around solution to this yet.) Instead, I’ll “favorite” the post so I know to return later.

Reading Scripts

I work as a script reader and not carrying physical scripts is a major convenience. Some benefits:

Reading time is drastically reduced
Easily sort scripts
Annotate and bookmark as you read — no more flipping back pages to find “that great line”
Zero waste (paper, ink)

Friends have complained about eyestrain when reading PDF’s on the Kindle. This can be solved by using a horizontal orientation.

If you don’t read scripts, reading articles that you find on the web is another useful option. Again, it goes back to the desire to get lost in content, which is a challenge on the computer. Just convert the article into a PDF or a Word document, and send it wirelessly to your Kindle:

Attach your document to the e-mail address associated with the Amazon account to which your Kindle is registered, but with a slight modification: the e-mail address will look like <name>@free.kindle.com.
No wires necessary.
For a list of approved document types, see Amazon’s list

Borrow Books from a Public Library

I have both a New York Public Library and a Los Angeles County Library card. You can borrow digital material from both. There can be long queues for material, but the digital stack collection is expansive enough to cross off a few items from your Reading List — the one you’re keeping up to date with tip number one.
Check out your library’s website to find its library card requirements.

There are other great features to the Kindle: text-to-speech, listening to mp3’s, using it for audio books, looking at pictures, access to Project Gutenberg for a huge collection of free books. However, I’ve found no regular use for them (I have an iPhone and an iPod for music/audio books; it’s difficult to annotate using text-to-speech; my reading queue is so long I probably won’t ever need to access PG.)

These five features that maximize workflow all pertain to reading, and with good reason: reading is what Bezos and the Amazon team set out to revolutionize when they released the Kindle. Looks like they’re on the right track.